What is antithymocyte globulin (ATG)?
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a medicine that suppresses the immune system. It is used to decrease the body's immune response and prevent or treat GVHD after stem cell transplant. It may also be used to prevent rejection of organ transplants or to treat aplastic anemia.
The medicine is made of proteins taken from the blood of either rabbits or horses. The type of ATG used depends on the condition being treated.
This medicine is a clear liquid given into a vein by IV infusion. The infusion usually lasts at least 4 hours and may take up to 24 hours. The infusion may be slowed down to lessen side effects.
To lower the chance of an allergic reaction, pre-medications are given before the infusion starts. A small test dose may also be given to check for a reaction.
Possible side effects
- Infusion-related reaction: may include changes in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting.
- Feeling tired or weak
- Headache
- Fever and chills
- Irritation at the IV site
- Increased risk of infection
- Muscle and joint pain, nausea and vomiting, or skin rash (serum sickness) which can last up to a couple weeks after the infusion.
- Low blood counts
- Skin rash
- Skin sensitivity, sunburn
- Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, hives, itching, runny nose, fever, chills, headache, muscle ache, shortness of breath, coughing, tightness in the throat, dizziness, low blood pressure, pain in the chest, side, or back, and swelling of the face or neck.
- Not all patients who get ATG will have these side effects. Common side effects are in bold, but there may be others. Please report any symptoms or side effects to your health care provider or pharmacist.
Tips for patients and families
- Be sure to discuss all questions and instructions with your care team or pharmacist.
- Report any symptoms during the infusion; reactions can occur.
- This medicine weakens the immune system. Wash hands often, keep areas clean, and avoid contact with people who are sick.
- Talk to your care team before any immunizations; vaccines may not be recommended for a period of time.
- Bleeding may happen more easily and wounds may heal more slowly. Brush teeth gently, use an electric razor, and avoid activities that can cause injury.
- Skin may become more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and limit sun exposure.
- Tell the care team if sexually active, pregnant, or breastfeeding. Use birth control during treatment and for 3 months after.
