Often used for:
Pain control
What is fentanyl?
Fentanyl is a potent opioid for severe or persistent pain, including breakthrough pain in patients already on opioids. It comes in rapid-acting forms (lozenges, buccal tablets/films, sprays) and slow-release skin patches. It can also be used perioperatively.
Possible long-term problems
- Tolerance or dependence with long-term use
Fentanyl at home
- Take exactly as prescribed; overdose can be fatal.
- May cause dizziness/drowsiness; avoid driving or dangerous activities until you know how it affects you.
- Monitor for breathing changes or unusual drowsiness.
- Follow specific instructions for each formulation (patch, buccal film/tablet, nasal spray, lozenge, sublingual spray/tablet).
- Change skin patches every 72 hours; avoid heat sources and remove before MRI.
- Dispose of used patches by flushing; follow disposal instructions for other forms.
- If a dose is missed, take as soon as possible unless near the next dose; do not double doses.
- Store at room temperature, away from children and pets, and do not use past expiration.
Possible side effects
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Sleepiness
- Breathing problems
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fatigue or weakness
- Dry mouth
- Mood changes
- Sleep problems
- Urination problems
- Abdominal pain
- Feeling cold
- Sweating
- Mouth sores or tingling (buccal forms)
- Swelling in hands, feet, or legs
- Low blood pressure
- Not all patients experience these side effects. Report any symptoms to the care team.
Tips for patients and families
- Discuss all questions with your doctor or pharmacist.
- Do not switch fentanyl brands or forms without medical guidance.
- Increase fluids and fiber to prevent constipation; report no bowel movement within 3–5 days.
- Do not stop long-term fentanyl abruptly; taper under medical supervision.
- Avoid combining with other sedating medicines unless directed.
- Do not drink alcohol while taking fentanyl.
- Tell the care team if pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
